Exercise performance and recovery is the main area connected here, and any felt benefit should be read together with the human evidence base.
Some human supplement-context evidence is present and directly informs the score.
Representative tier calculated from paper evidence that passed the collection audit.
The representative ingredient tier is calculated from these target-level evidence groups.
10 new papers were added in this period. No new risk signal was identified.
Standalone side-effect signals and combination cautions are listed separately.
The group showed a positive signal, but individual contributions are hard to isolate. Not a stack recommendation.
Paper IDs and full lists are private. Only study types and summaries are shown.
HMB improves lean muscle mass and preserves muscle strength and function in older people with sarcopenia or frailty by reviewing results from available randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
An in depth and objective analysis of HMB research is provided and a comprehensive discussion on possible mechanisms, which HMB may operate through is provided.
HMB supplementation was associated with greater increases in muscle mass, muscle strength and anaerobic properties with no effect on aerobic capacity suggesting some advantage for its use in elite adolescent volleyball players during the initial phases of the
Investigation of the acute and timing effects of oral HMB supplementation on serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), muscle soreness, and maximal voluntary contraction found no clear acute or timing effects.
The results indicate that supplying HMB promotes advantageous changes in body composition and stimulates an increase in aerobic and anaerobic capacity in combat sports athletes.
Evidence is provided that HMB acts through mTORC2 to support an important role of HMB in neurite outgrowth, and myocyte-enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors are involved in neuronal survival and plasticity.