Cognition and focus
Cognition, memory, and focus
Goal tierNot rated yet
No direct evidence for general supplement use is confirmed under the current standard.
Check this goal in more detailPublic-ready7/6/2026
Ginkgo
Papers analyzed
115
Cognition, memory, and focusHeart and cardiovascular outcomesExercise performance and recovery
Main benefit evidence
Review human evidence by goal.
Cardiovascular outcomes
Heart and cardiovascular outcomes
Goal tierNot rated yet
The currently linked research coverage is not broad enough to characterize this goal yet.
Check this goal in more detailExercise performance and recovery
Exercise performance and recovery
Goal tierNot rated yet
The currently linked research coverage is not broad enough to characterize this goal yet.
Check this goal in more detailSide effects and combination findings in studies
Findings from studies of this ingredient alone are separated from findings involving another supplement or medication.
Caution signals
9
Side effects + combos + curated rules
Key precautions
No curated contraindication rule is available yet, but literature caution signals are shown below.
These are signals reported in studies. They do not predict what will happen to an individual.
Findings to review with care
Side effects reported for the ingredient alone are separated from findings involving another supplement or medication.
Side effects reported when this ingredient was used alone
Symptoms or adverse events reported in studies of this ingredient without another active ingredient.
ginkgolic acid toxicity1 papers
The review identifies ginkgolic acids in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract as the primary source of adverse effects including embryotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and neurotoxicity based on in vitro trials.Cell studies · Systematic reviewToxicity of endotoxins and ginkgolic acids1 papers
The review identifies endotoxins and ginkgolic acids as dominating toxic ingredients in different parts of Ginkgo biloba.Human studies · Systematic reviewToxicity1 papers
Long-term use or high doses of Ginkgo biloba have resulted in adverse effects, and severe drug interactions are reported.Human studies · Systematic reviewnephrotoxicity1 papers
A limited number of studies indicate that Ginkgolic acids may exhibit nephrotoxicity.Cell studies · Systematic reviewAdverse effect signal1 papers
The review mentions that Ginkgolic acids can induce significant hepatic damage by promoting cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, and disruption of metabolic processes.Human studies · Study type not identifiedAdverse effect signal1 papers
A limited number of studies are cited indicating that Ginkgolic acids may exhibit nephrotoxicity.Human studies · Study type not identifiedAdverse effect signal1 papers
The review notes that Ginkgolic acids may cause adverse effects on the skin and nervous system.Human studies · Study type not identifiedSide Effect Rating Scale1 papers
A very low rate of mild adverse effects was observed in children with ADHD treated with Ginkgo biloba extract, indicating a favorable safety profile in this small pilot study.Human studies · Observational studyCaution signals when used with another supplement or medication
These studies reported a negative change, reduced absorption, or another caution when substances were used together. They do not predict an individual outcome.
CilostazolCoadministration of Ginkgo biloba with cilostazol significantly potentiated the prolongation of bleeding time compared to individual doses.
Ginkgo
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