Exercise performance and recovery is the main area connected here, and any felt benefit should be read together with the human evidence base.
Some human supplement-context evidence is present and directly informs the score.
Representative tier calculated from paper evidence that passed the collection audit.
The representative ingredient tier is calculated from these target-level evidence groups.
10 new papers were added in this period. No new risk signal was identified.
Standalone side-effect signals and combination cautions are listed separately.
Paper IDs and full lists are private. Only study types and summaries are shown.
This review covers the basics of creatine synthesis and transport, proposed mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics of exogenous creatine administration, creatine use in disease models, side effects associated with use, and issues on product quality.
An update to the current literature regarding the role and safety of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine is provided and the position stand of International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) is updated.
It is shown that creatine supplementation increases lean tissue mass and upper and lower body muscular strength during resistance training of older adults, but potential mechanisms by which creatine exerts these positive effects have yet to be evaluated extens
An internationally renowned team of research experts was formed to perform an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding creatine supplementation, which shows that creatine supplementation is relatively well tolerated, especially at recom
Data confirms that supervised resistance exercise training is safe and effective for increasing strength in older adults and that a combination of CrM and CLA can enhance some of the beneficial effects of training over a six-month period.
It is shown that creatine uptake is required to sustain this thermogenic pathway in adipocytes, and enhancing creatine uptake into adipocytes may offer an opportunity to combat obesity and obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.