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Tier-CPublic-ready6/25/2026

Biotin

Blood-Level or Deficiency Marker is closer to a research marker, so it should be read separately from a directly felt benefit.

Human evidence exists, but it is mostly in patient or disease contexts, so the score is handled conservatively.

Representative tier calculated from paper evidence that passed the collection audit.

Papers analyzed
101
Caution signal
Low
Representative score
49.2
Blood-Level or Deficiency MarkerGlucose and metabolic health markersCholesterol and triglycerides

Main benefit evidence

The representative ingredient tier is calculated from these target-level evidence groups.

Nutrient status and deficiency
2 studiesTier-C
Blood-Level or Deficiency Marker
Fairly consistent positive signal in studiesResearch marker focusPatient-group study

This is based on lab markers such as blood levels, deficiency correction, or absorption. Read it separately from directly felt outcomes.

Evidence score
48.7
Study context
Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Glucose and metabolic health
1 studiesTier-C
Glucose and metabolic health markers
Some positive signal observedResearch marker focusPatient-group study

This card is closer to a measured biomarker or lab outcome than a directly felt user benefit. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.

Evidence score
44.0
Study context
Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Blood lipids
1 studiesTier-C
Cholesterol and triglycerides
Some positive signal observedFelt benefit focusPatient-group study

Potential benefit studied in Blood lipids. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.

Evidence score
44.0
Study context
Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Women's health
1 studiesTier-C
Menstrual and women's health
Some positive signal observedFelt benefit focusPatient-group study

Potential benefit studied in Women's health. These findings come from a defined study population, so everyday effects may differ.

Evidence score
20.9
Study context
Patient-group study

This score reflects the strength of this benefit group. The ingredient tier also considers paper count, repetition, population, and study context.

Recent research

Updated This Month10 new papers

Key cautions to review

Standalone side-effect signals and combination cautions are listed separately.

Caution index
1.7
Caution band: Low
Caution signals
8
Side effects + combos + curated rules
Key precautions
No curated contraindication rule is available yet, but literature caution signals are shown below.
Standalone side effects, combination cautions, and positive combos are separated below.

Standalone side effects

Adverse effect signal1 papers
A 2017 FDA safety alert reported that biotin can interfere with laboratory testing, resulting in incorrect diagnoses and potentially death.human · unknown
Immunoassay accuracy1 papers
The FDA issued a warning regarding biotin interference in clinical laboratory testing due to adverse events caused by high-dose supplementation affecting immunoassay results.human · unknown
Adverse effect signal1 papers
High-dose biotin use is reported to cause interference in commercial immunoassays for troponin, serum and urine Beta hCG, thyroid function, and tumor markers, potentially leading to positive or negative test result errors.human · unknown
Adverse effect signal1 papers
Biotin supplementation was reported to cause interference with immunoassays, leading to falsely high testosterone and cortisol results and falsely low TSH, which resulted in unnecessary medical referrals, diagnostic studies, and psychological distress.human · unknown
Adverse effect signal1 papers
Biotin ingestion is reported to interfere with immunoassays, resulting in falsely decreased or increased test results for various analytes including troponin T, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and vitamin D.human · unknown
Adverse effect signal1 papers
High-dose biotin was reported to cause interference in immunoassays, resulting in abnormal thyroid function tests suggestive of Graves' disease in a patient with multiple sclerosis.human · unknown
Adverse effect signal1 papers
Biotin supplementation was reported to cause misleading laboratory results that created the appearance of secondary adrenal insufficiency, leading to unnecessary testing and treatment with hydrocortisone.human · unknown
Adverse effect signal1 papers
High plasmatic biotin levels were reported to cause significant negative interference on cardiac troponin I determinations, leading to a total loss of signal at higher concentrations and potentially inappropriate therapeutic decisions.human · unknown

Evidence summaries

Paper IDs and full lists are private. Only study types and summaries are shown.

Key Evidence #1
Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 697
observational

A smaller promiscuous biotin ligase for proximity biotinylation called BioID2 enables more-selective targeting of fusion proteins, requires less biotin supplementation, exhibits enhanced labeling of proximate proteins, and demonstrates the use of a flexible li

Key Evidence #2
Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 265
observational

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, MD1003 achieves sustained reversal of MS-related disability in a subset of patients with progressive MS and is well tolerated.

Key Evidence #3
Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 128
observational

Four-week probiotic plus biotin supplementation, in inpatient individuals with a major depressive disorder diagnosis, showed an overall beneficial effect of clinical treatment, however, probiotic intervention compared to placebo only differed in microbial dive

3 more summariesLimited representative sample by study type.
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Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 117
observational

The mSA2 CAR is a universal AT-CAR that can be combined with biotinylated tumor-specific antibodies to potentially target many different tumor types.

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 108
observational

Strategies combining biotin and prebiotic supplementation could help prevent the deterioration of metabolic states in severe obesity.

Public scholarly dataCitation signal: 100
observational

The role of biotin in activating carboxylases and proposed mechanisms associated with a role in gene expression and in ameliorating neurological disease are summarized.

Biotin
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